Die Sturzflut von Braunsbach – Ingenieuranalyse der Gebäudeschäden

The flash flood of Braunsbach – engineering analysis of the building damage At the end of May to the beginning of June, a series of extreme rainfall events occurred in the southern part of Germany, which triggered some severe flash floods with significant building damage in the affected municipalities. The devastating flash flood of May 29, 2016 in Braunsbach in the district Schwäbisch Hall in Baden‐Württemberg caused heavy structural damage to some of the approximately 130 affected buildings. The paper gives an overview of the building damages documented immediately after the event. The damages cases were classified and assessed using the evaluation system of the EDAC‐flood damage model developed at the Earthquake Damage Analysis Center (EDAC) of the Bauhaus‐Universität Weimar. The analysis illustrates the particularities of the damage patterns due to flash floods compared to conventional river floods.     

Nipple Discharge of CA15-3, CA125, CEA and TSGF as a New Biomarker Panel for Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women. Serum biomarkers such as cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) can be used as diagnostic and prognostic factors and can also provide valuable information during follow-up. However, serum protein biomarkers show limited diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in stand-alone assays because their levels reflect tumor burden. To validate whether biomarkers in nipple discharge may serve as novel biomarkers for breast cancer, we composed a panel of potential cancer biomarkers, including CA15-3, CA125, CEA, and malignant tumor-specific growth factor (TSGF), and evaluated their expression in both serum and nipple discharge in order to explore the expression and significance of estrogen receptor (ER), progestrone receptor (PR), epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2/neu), CA15-3, CA125, CEA, and TSGF expression for their combined predictive value for breast cancer and in judging the prognosis of breast cancer. Univariate analysis revealed that combined detection of CA15-3, CA125, CEA, and TSGF in nipple discharge served as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer, but in the multivariate analyses the adverse effects of the four biomarkers combination in nipple discharge positivity on overall survival were lost. Multivariate analysis revealed that the positivity of the combined detection of the four biomarkers in both nipple discharge and serum was significantly higher than that of other detection methods. Thus, the combined detection of these four biomarkers both in serum and nipple discharge was retained as an independent prognostic variable in breast cancer patients. Our results indicate that CA15-3, CA125, CEA, and TSGF in nipple discharge can serve as novel biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer.     

旋转电极电火花沉积/堆焊的放电机理

为了研究旋转电极电火花沉积/堆焊的放电机理,文中进行单点间隙放电、单点接触放电和旋转电极连续放电试验,对放电过程中两极之间的电压和电流波形进行了采集和分析. 结果表明,在一定的电压和间隙条件下,电极与基体之间的介质能够被击穿出现间隙放电现象. 接触放电现象主要包括短路放电和间隙放电两个阶段. 旋转电极沉积/堆焊过程中电极与基体的接触状态复杂多变,放电过程中既存在非接触放电现象,也存在接触放电和短路放电现象,其中大部分是接触放电现象.     

增强现实技术于洪水风险沟通中的应用

气候变迁,特别是洪水问题给地处三角洲的城市带来了与日俱增的风险。作为应对手段,提出一种整合性的洪水风险管理方法,该方法确保了洪水风险沟通在洪水风险管理战略中的重要地位。洪水的可视化作为洪水风险沟通的一种工具,在改变人们对洪水风险的观念方面有着强大的作用。它可以通过互动的方式,使当地的利益相关者了解洪水的剩余风险和未来风险。其中增强现实技术作为一种可视化手段,它的快速发展与应用为风景园林设计、规划与教育等领域提供了崭新的交互方式。首先,探讨增强现实技术(AR)在洪水风险沟通中的应用现状,并重点关注增强现实技术的2个关键应用领域:对现场决策的支持和针对高层次设计的可视化与对景观干预的评估。随后,展示一种基于增强现实技术所开发的应用,该款创新性的应用为洪水风险沟通提供了一种轻量化的可视化手段。     

多元结构坝基双排防渗墙控渗效果试验研究

双排防渗墙已广泛应用于西南地区强弱互层深厚覆盖层地基,但双排防渗墙的间距及布置形式如何选择,控渗效果如何等都值得深入研究。基于非饱和土体渗流理论,以强弱互层深厚覆盖层坝基为研究对象,针对双排防渗墙进行试验研究,得出渗流量和出逸坡降,探讨各布置形式下双排防渗墙的控渗效果。研究表明:"前长后短"、"前短后长"、"前后同长"3种布置形式下总渗流量和出逸坡降都随着间距的增加而降低,"前长后短"、"前后同长"布置形式降低明显。坝体渗流量以间距L=13.2、16.5cm为分界线,先增大后降低;坝基渗流量以间距L=13.5、17.5cm为分界线,先降低后增大。双排防渗墙中深度较大的防渗墙消减的水头更大,两防渗墙深度一致时,前后防渗墙分别消减水头37.5%、50%。当前后防渗墙的深度之和一定时,双排防渗墙采用"前短后长"的布置形式相比采用"前长后短"的布置形式,能更有效降低渗流量和抑制出逸坡降,建议优先采用。     

金属表面液相等离子体电解渗硼技术

金属表面液相等离子体电解渗技术包括等离子体电解渗碳、渗氮、渗硼等。它具有渗透效率高、工作电压低、处理工艺简单、成本低等优点。主要介绍了钢铁、钛等金属表面等离子体电解渗硼技术的最新进展,分析了它的放电过程和基本原理,研究了渗硼过程的光发射谱,并评估了等离子体放电区的电子温度、电子浓度特征参数。分析了渗硼层的生长过程和形成机理,探讨了金属基体成分、工作电压、处理温度和电解液的组成等关键参数,对渗硼层的显微组织和相成分的影响。最后简要探讨了等离子体电解渗硼技术目前存在的问题和后续的发展方向。     

A conceptual model of riparian forest restoration for natural flood management

There is an increasing emphasis on using natural processes, including riparian forest restoration, to enhance the ecological, hydrological and geomorphological functioning of watercourses. However, we have insufficient knowledge on how the supply and retention of in‐channel wood from riparian forest stands changes with age, with inferences typically based on data from terrestrial forests. This presents a challenge in estimating the efficacy and functional lifespan of restoration projects. In this paper, we use a riparian forest growth model to show there is a lag of up to 40–50 years between the start of forest growth and trees delivering wood to the channel that is large enough to resist fluvial transport, anchor logjams and so increase channel complexity and hydraulic resistance. Resource managers need to account for realistic timescales over which changes promoted by riparian woodland restoration will occur and may need to consider using interim engineered logjams as the forest develops.     

半封闭压缩机故障分析

分类分析了引起压缩机故障的原因，包括液击、溢流、满液启动、润滑油不足、污染、过热等。     

国外MOA用ZnO电阻片的剖析与思考

对国外五家公司的ZnO电阻片进行了试验,并与已知ZnO电阻片样品配方对比,结果表明,五家样品的压比较低、老化系数呈下降型;其配方成分都含有Ni,D试样几乎不含Si、Cr,但是其方波通流密度较高;虽然与国内样品的显微结构相比,其物相组分相似,无明显的差别,但是多数瓷体中的大气孔较少,端面全喷铝或者留边宽度较窄。据此,提出了从根本上改进配方和工艺,如掺杂Ni,细化添加剂粒度、选择适宜的有机添加剂及添加量,以改善喷雾干燥粉料成分和成型坯体密度的均匀性;根据不同的配方,研究相适应的烧成制度,特别是冷却制度、热处理温度制度等多种思路,以期全面提高我国ZnO电阻片的性能水平。     

填充板状定形相变材料蓄热槽蓄/放热特性实验研究

对填充了板状定形相变材料、以水作为热媒的蓄热槽的蓄/放热特性进行了实验研究;重点考察了热媒的流速、流动方向及进口温度的变化对蓄热槽蓄/放热特性的影响,认为在蓄热过程,热媒在蓄热槽内的流动方向宜上进下出,放热过程则相反;热媒进口温度和速度对栽蓄热槽的蓄/放热时间都有影响,前者的影响更为显著.